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1.
Glob Health Promot ; : 17579759231211232, 2023 Dec 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38050380

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: comprender los procesos críticos (PC) de determinación social de la obesidad, la diabetes y la hipertensión (ODH) en una comunidad nahua de México. METODOLOGÍA: estudio cualitativo de registros de un taller de fotovoz, donde las participantes fotografiaron su entorno y analizaron las causas y posibles soluciones a la ODH. Para analizar los PC de la ODH utilizamos como método la investigación narrativa y, como referente teórico, la epidemiología crítica. RESULTADOS: la ODH se reproduce social e históricamente a través de PC destructivos vinculados con las relaciones de producción global y de género. Estas determinan modos de vida deteriorantes que limitan la atención a la salud, comprometen la salud mental, producen contaminación y diferenciación de uso de espacios, y reducen oportunidades para alimentarse nutritivamente y realizar actividad física. Todo ello se expresa como ODH y problemas de salud mental. Los PC protectores ante estas expresiones incluyen la atención estatal, las oportunidades de trabajo, y la promoción de dispositivos culturales y comunitarios. CONCLUSIONES: nuestros resultados aportan a la discusión global sobre cómo las condiciones históricas de vida son parte de la determinación social de la ODH. Comprender los PC y sus expresiones locales puede orientarnos hacia la descolonización de la forma de pensar y hacer promoción de la salud.

2.
Astrobiology ; 21(1): 60-82, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33121252

RESUMO

Hydrothermal spring deposits host unique microbial ecosystems and have the capacity to preserve microbial communities as biosignatures within siliceous sinter layers. This quality makes terrestrial hot springs appealing natural laboratories to study the preservation of both organic and morphologic biosignatures. The discovery of hydrothermal deposits on Mars has called attention to these hot springs as Mars-analog environments, driving forward the study of biosignature preservation in these settings to help prepare future missions targeting the recovery of biosignatures from martian hot-spring deposits. This study quantifies the fatty acid load in three Icelandic hot-spring deposits ranging from modern and inactive to relict. Samples were collected from both the surface and 2-18 cm in depth to approximate the drilling capabilities of current and upcoming Mars rovers. To determine the preservation potential of organics in siliceous sinter deposits, fatty acid analyses were performed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) utilizing thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). This technique is available on both current and upcoming Mars rovers. Results reveal that fatty acids are often degraded in the subsurface relative to surface samples but are preserved and detectable with the TMAH pyrolysis-GC-MS method. Hot-spring mid-to-distal aprons are often the best texturally and geomorphically definable feature in older, degraded terrestrial sinter systems and are therefore most readily detectable on Mars from orbital images. These findings have implications for the detection of organics in martian hydrothermal systems as they suggest that organics might be detectable on Mars in relatively recent hot-spring deposits, but preservation likely deteriorates over geological timescales. Rovers with thermochemolysis pyrolysis-GC-MS instrumentation may be able to detect fatty acids in hot-spring deposits if the organics are relatively young; therefore, martian landing site and sample selection are of paramount importance in the search for organics on Mars.


Assuntos
Fontes Termais , Marte , Ecossistema , Exobiologia , Meio Ambiente Extraterreno , Ácidos Graxos , Islândia
3.
Salud Publica Mex ; 60(2): 192-201, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29738659

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Objective. To reflect on the process of committing to participation in the implementation of a health strategic plan, using Participative Systematization of Social Experiences as a tool. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study was a qualitative research-intervention study, based on the Dialectical Methodological Conception approach. We designed and implemented a two-day workshop, six hours daily, using Systematization methodology with a Community Work Group (CWG). During the workshop, women systematized their experience, with compromise as axis of the process. Using Grounded Theory techniques, we applied micro-analysis to data in order to identify and strengthen categories that emerged during the systematization process. We completed open and axial coding. RESULTS: The CWG identified that commitment and participation itself is influenced by group dynamics and structural determinants. They also reconsidered the way they understood and exercised commitment and participation, and generated knowledge, empowering them to improve their future practice. CONCLUSIONS: Commitment and participation were determined by group dynamics and structural factors such as socioeconomic conditions and gender roles. These determinants must be visible and understood in order to generate proposals that are aimed at strengthening the participation and organization of groups.


OBJETIVO: Reflexionar sobre el compromiso en el proceso de participación en salud empleando la herramienta de sistematización participativa de experiencias sociales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Investigación-intervención de corte cualitativo, desde la concepción metodológica dialéctica. Las mujeres pertenecientes a un grupo de trabajo comunitario en Xoxocotla, Morelos, México, sistematizaron su experiencia utilizando como eje el compromiso. Con base en técnicas derivadas de la teoría fundamentada, se realizó un microanálisis para identificar y robustecer las categorías del contenido correspondiente al proceso de sistematización. RESULTADOS: Las participantes identificaron los determinantes estructurales del compromiso en su proceso de participación y elementos relacionados con la dinámica grupal que lo influyen; asimismo, redefinieron la forma de entender y ejercer el compromiso y la participación, y extrajeron aprendizajes para mejorar su práctica futura. CONCLUSIONES: El compromiso y la participación están determinados por factores estructurales como la condición socioeconómica y el rol de género, los cuales deben visibilizarse y comprenderse para generar propuestas que fortalezcan el involucramiento y la organización de grupos.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , México , Fatores Sociológicos
4.
Salud pública Méx ; 60(2): 192-201, mar.-abr. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-962459

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre el compromiso en el proceso de participación en salud empleando la herramienta de sistematización participativa de experiencias sociales. Material y métodos: Investigación-intervención de corte cualitativo, desde la concepción metodológica dialéctica. Las mujeres pertenecientes a un grupo de trabajo comunitario en Xoxocotla, Morelos, México, sistematizaron su experiencia utilizando como eje el compromiso. Con base en técnicas derivadas de la teoría fundamentada, se realizó un microanálisis para identificar y robustecer las categorías del contenido correspondiente al proceso de sistematización. Resultados: Las participantes identificaron los determinantes estructurales del compromiso en su proceso de participación y elementos relacionados con la dinámica grupal que lo influyen; asimismo, redefinieron la forma de entender y ejercer el compromiso y la participación, y extrajeron aprendizajes para mejorar su práctica futura. Conclusiones: El compromiso y la participación están determinados por factores estructurales como la condición socioeconómica y el rol de género, los cuales deben visibilizarse y comprenderse para generar propuestas que fortalezcan el involucramiento y la organización de grupos.


Abstract: Objective: To reflect on the process of committing to participation in the implementation of a health strategic plan, using Participative Systematization of Social Experiences as a tool. Materials and methods: Our study was a qualitative research-intervention study, based on the Dialectical Methodological Conception approach. We designed and implemented a two-day workshop, six hours daily, using Systematization methodology with a Community Work Group (CWG). During the workshop, women systematized their experience, with compromise as axis of the process. Using Grounded Theory techniques, we applied micro-analysis to data in order to identify and strengthen categories that emerged during the systematization process. We completed open and axial coding. Results: The CWG identified that commitment and participation itself is influenced by group dynamics and structural determinants. They also reconsidered the way they understood and exercised commitment and participation, and generated knowledge, empowering them to improve their future practice. Conclusions: Commitment and participation were determined by group dynamics and structural factors such as socioeconomic conditions and gender roles. These determinants must be visible and understood in order to generate proposals that are aimed at strengthening the participation and organization of groups.


Assuntos
Humanos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Educação em Saúde , Participação da Comunidade , Fatores Sociológicos , México
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(supl.1): 117-132, feb. 2014. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-753727

RESUMO

We studied the variation in abundance and biomass of plankton in the pelagic environment of Gorgona during October 2010 (rainy season) and March 2011 (dry season), and evaluated their correlation with hydrographic features of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and transparency. Surface waters during both periods were warmer (>26°C) and with low salinity values (<31). At 30m during October the waters were homogeneous, while during March the waters were colder (<18°C), saltier (>34) and presented low oxygen concentrations (<3.0ml/l). 61 genera of phytoplankton and 30 zooplankton groups were identified, with greater values of phytoplankton genus and zooplankton abundance and biomass during March than in October. Bacteriastrum, Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Guinardia, Rhizosolenia and Skeletonema were the phytoplankton genera most frequent in both sampling periods. Copepods were the dominant group of zooplankton, followed by chaetognaths and appendicularia in both periods. Zooplankton biomass was positively associated with surface temperature, salinity at 10m, and transparency of water column, and negatively associated with surface and 30m dissolved oxygen. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 1): 117-132. Epub 2014 February 01.


Se estableció la variación en la abundancia y biomasa del fitoplancton y zooplancton en el ambiente pelágico de isla Gorgona durante octubre 2010 (época lluviosa) y marzo 2011 (época seca), y se evaluó su grado de correlación con las condiciones hidrográficas de temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y transparencia. Las aguas superficiales en los dos periodos fueron cálidas (>26°C) y de bajas salinidades (<31). A 30m las aguas en octubre fueron homogéneas, mientras que en marzo fueron frías (<18°C), salinas (>34) y con bajas concentraciones de oxígeno (3.0ml/l). Se registraron 61 géneros de fitoplancton y 30 grupos de zooplancton, con mayores valores para la riqueza de géneros y abundancia del fitoplancton, y para la abundancia y biomasa del zooplancton en marzo que en octubre. Bacteriastrum, Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Guinardia, Rhizosolenia y Skeletonema fueron los generous de fitoplancton más frecuentes durante ambos periodos de muestreo. Para el zooplancton los copépodos fueron el grupo dominante, seguido por los quetognatos y las apendicularias. Adicionalmente, la biomasa del zooplancton presentó una asociación positiva significativa con la temperatura superficial, la salinidad a 10m y la transparencia, y negativa con la concentración de oxígeno disuelto en superficie y a 10m.


Assuntos
Fitoplâncton/classificação , Estações do Ano , Zooplâncton/classificação , Hidrografia/análise , Colômbia
6.
Rev Med Chil ; 131(1): 67-70, 2003 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12643221

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ehrlichiosis is a non contagious infectious disease, mainly transmitted by thick bites. In 1998, this infection was detected in dogs, for the first time, in Chile. AIM: To establish if there is human exposure to Ehrlichia sp in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples from 17 dogs with ehrlichiosis and 19 humans who had contact with them were studied to determine human exposure to Ehrlichia equi and Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Chile. Samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorecence and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Six dogs had positive titers against both species of ehrlichia; 2 with titers of 1/256; 3 with titers over 1/512 to Ehrlichia equi and titers of 1/256, 1/128 and 1/64 to Ehrlichia chaffeensis respectively, and 1 with titers of 1/256 to Ehrlichia equi and titers of 1/128 to Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Two of the 19 humans, had positive titers against both antigens (1/128). PCR reactions were negative in both human and canine sera. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that human exposure to Ehrlichia sp. Epidemiological surveillance for human ehrlichiosis should be implemented in the country.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/sangue , Ehrlichiose/sangue , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Animais , Chile , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Ehrlichia canis/imunologia , Ehrlichia chaffeensis/imunologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Testes Sorológicos
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